Core i5-12400F vs EPYC 9654P
Core i5-12400F
EPYC 9654P
Performance Spectrum - CPU
About PassMark
PassMark CPU Mark evaluates processor speed through complex mathematical computations. It provides a reliable metric to compare multi-core performance, where higher scores indicate faster processing for multitasking, gaming, and heavy workloads.
Value Upgrade Path
This is the official ChipVERSUS Value Rating, comparing raw performance (PassMark) per dollar. Components placed above yours deliver better value for money.
Avg price is the current average price collected from markets across the web.
Performance Per Dollar Core i5-12400F
Performance Per Dollar EPYC 9654P
Performance Comparison
About PassMark🏆 Chipversus Verdict
🚀 Performance Leadership
| Insight | Core i5-12400F | EPYC 9654P |
|---|---|---|
| Gaming | ❌ Lower gaming performance | ✅ Superior gaming performance |
| Workstation | ❌ Weaker in multi-core tasks | ✅ Better multi-core power |
| Price | ✅ More affordable ($110) | ⚠️ Higher cost ($5,345) |
| Longevity | ✨ Modern (Alder Lake-S (2022) / Intel 7 nm) | ✨ Modern (Genoa (2022−2023) / 5 nm, 6 nm) |
💎 Value Proposition
| Insight | Core i5-12400F | EPYC 9654P |
|---|---|---|
| Cost Efficiency | ✅ Better overall value (+716%) | ❌ Lower cost efficiency |
| Upfront Cost | ✅ More affordable ($110) | ⚠️ Higher cost ($5,345) |
Performance Check
To accurately isolate CPU performance, all benchmarks below use an NVIDIA RTX 4090 as the reference GPU. This eliminates GPU-side bottlenecks and highlights pure processing throughput differences between the CPUs.
Note: Real-world results may vary based on your actual GPU. CPU performance impact is more visible in processing-intensive titles and high-refresh-rate gaming scenarios.
Technical Specifications
Side-by-side comparison of Core i5-12400F and EPYC 9654P
Core i5-12400F
The Core i5-12400F is manufactured by Intel. It was released in 4 January 2022 (3 years ago). It is based on the Alder Lake-S (2022) architecture. It features 6 cores and 12 threads. Base frequency is 2.5 GHz, with boost up to 4.4 GHz. L3 cache: 18 MB (total). L2 cache: 1.25 MB (per core). Built on Intel 7 nm process technology. Socket: LGA1700. Thermal design power (TDP): 65 Watt. Memory support: DDR5-4800, DDR4-3200. Passmark benchmark score: 19,532 points. Launch price was $180.
EPYC 9654P
The EPYC 9654P is manufactured by AMD. It was released in 10 November 2022 (3 years ago). It is based on the Genoa (2022−2023) architecture. It features 96 cores and 192 threads. Base frequency is 2.4 GHz, with boost up to 3.7 GHz. L3 cache: 384 MB (total). L2 cache: 1 MB (per core). Built on 5 nm, 6 nm process technology. Socket: SP5. Thermal design power (TDP): 360 Watt. Memory support: DDR5-4800. Passmark benchmark score: 116,324 points. Launch price was $10,625.
Processing Power
The Core i5-12400F packs 6 cores / 12 threads, while the EPYC 9654P offers 96 cores / 192 threads — the EPYC 9654P has 90 more cores. Boost clocks reach 4.4 GHz on the Core i5-12400F versus 3.7 GHz on the EPYC 9654P — a 17.3% clock advantage for the Core i5-12400F (base: 2.5 GHz vs 2.4 GHz). The Core i5-12400F uses the Alder Lake-S (2022) architecture (Intel 7 nm), while the EPYC 9654P uses Genoa (2022−2023) (5 nm, 6 nm). In PassMark, the Core i5-12400F scores 19,532 against the EPYC 9654P's 116,324 — a 142.5% lead for the EPYC 9654P. Geekbench 6 single-core — the metric most relevant to gaming — records 1,700 vs 2,025, a 17.4% lead for the EPYC 9654P that directly translates to higher frame rates. Multi-core Geekbench: 657 vs 23,214 (189% advantage for the EPYC 9654P). L3 cache: 18 MB (total) on the Core i5-12400F vs 384 MB (total) on the EPYC 9654P.
| Feature | Core i5-12400F | EPYC 9654P |
|---|---|---|
| Cores / Threads | 6 / 12 | 96 / 192+1500% |
| Boost Clock | 4.4 GHz+19% | 3.7 GHz |
| Base Clock | 2.5 GHz+4% | 2.4 GHz |
| L3 Cache | 18 MB (total) | 384 MB (total)+2033% |
| L2 Cache | 1.25 MB (per core)+25% | 1 MB (per core) |
| Process | Intel 7 nm | 5 nm, 6 nm-29% |
| Architecture | Alder Lake-S (2022) | Genoa (2022−2023) |
| PassMark | 19,532 | 116,324+496% |
| Cinebench R23 Multi | 12,380 | — |
| Geekbench 6 Single | 1,700 | 2,025+19% |
| Geekbench 6 Multi | 657 | 23,214+3433% |
Memory & Platform
The Core i5-12400F uses the LGA1700 socket (PCIe 3.0), while the EPYC 9654P uses SP5 (PCIe 5.0) — making them incompatible on the same motherboard. Both support up to DDR5-4800, DDR4-3200 memory speed. The Core i5-12400F supports up to 128 GB of RAM compared to 6 TB — 182.1% more capacity for professional workloads. Memory channels: 2 (Core i5-12400F) vs 12 (EPYC 9654P). PCIe lanes: 20 (Core i5-12400F) vs 128 (EPYC 9654P) — the EPYC 9654P offers 108 more lanes for additional GPUs or NVMe drives. Chipset compatibility: H610,B660,H670,Z690,B760,H770,Z790 (Core i5-12400F) and SP5 (EPYC 9654P).
| Feature | Core i5-12400F | EPYC 9654P |
|---|---|---|
| Socket | LGA1700 | SP5 |
| PCIe Generation | PCIe 3.0 | PCIe 5.0+67% |
| Max RAM Speed | DDR5-4800, DDR4-3200 | DDR5-4800 |
| Max RAM Capacity | 128 GB | 6 TB+4700% |
| RAM Channels | 2 | 12+500% |
| ECC Support | ❌ | ✅ |
| PCIe Lanes | 20 | 128+540% |
Advanced Features
Virtualization support: VT-x, VT-d, EPT (Core i5-12400F) vs AMD-V, SEV-SNP (EPYC 9654P). Primary use case: Core i5-12400F targets Gaming Performance/Value, EPYC 9654P targets Data Center / Single Socket. Direct competitor: Core i5-12400F rivals Ryzen 5 5600; EPYC 9654P rivals Xeon 8490H.
| Feature | Core i5-12400F | EPYC 9654P |
|---|---|---|
| Integrated GPU | No | No |
| Virtualization | VT-x, VT-d, EPT | AMD-V, SEV-SNP |
| Target Use | Gaming Performance/Value | Data Center / Single Socket |
Value Analysis
The Core i5-12400F launched at $174 MSRP, while the EPYC 9654P debuted at $10625. At current prices ($110 vs $5345), the Core i5-12400F is $5235 cheaper. In terms of value (PassMark points per dollar), the Core i5-12400F delivers 177.6 pts/$ vs 21.8 pts/$ for the EPYC 9654P — making the Core i5-12400F the 156.3% better value option.
| Feature | Core i5-12400F | EPYC 9654P |
|---|---|---|
| MSRP | $174-98% | $10625 |
| Avg Price (30d) | $110-98% | $5345 |
| Performance per Dollar | 177.6+715% | 21.8 |
| Release Date | 2022 | 2022 |
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